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Leadership Week
Read Chapter 13
You have to create an E-Poster on what you see as the future of nursing practice and the role of nursing in the emerging health-care environment. You need to predict the future based on present evidence.
The E-Poster needs to include the following:
1. Introduction
2. Statement of the issue
3. Evidence supporting the issue
4. Prediction of the future role of the nurse
5. Conclusion
6. References: minimum of three references from peer-reviewed nursing journals (encourage the use of international journals). Articles need to be within the last 3 years unless historical.
APA style (include in text citations and references)
Plagiarism Free
Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management
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Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management
SIXTH EDITION
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Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management
SIXTH EDITION
Sally A. Weiss, MSN, EdD, RN, CNE, ANEF Professor of Nursing
Nova Southeastern University Nursing Department Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Ruth M. Tappen, EdD, RN, FAAN Christine E. Lynn Eminent Scholar and Professor
Florida Atlantic University College of Nursing Boca Raton, Florida
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F. A. Davis Company 1915 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103 www.fadavis.com Copyright © 2015 by F. A. Davis Company Copyright © 2015, 2010, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Last digit indicates print number: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Acquisitions Editor, Nursing: Megan Klim Developmental Editor: Laurie Sparks Director of Content Development: Darlene D. Pedersen Content Project Manager: Echo Gerhart Electronic Project Editor: Katherine Crowley Design and Illustration Manager: Carolyn O’Brien As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinical research, recommended treat- ments and drug therapies undergo changes. The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make this book accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at the time of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for consequences from appli- cation of the book, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the contents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader is advised always to check product information (package inserts) for changes and new information regarding dose and contraindications before administering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infre- quently ordered drugs. Library of Congress Control Number: 2014945714 Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by F. A. Davis Company for users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, provided that the fee of $.25 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rose- wood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The fee code for users of the Transactional Report- ing Service is: 978-0-8036-3663-7/15 0 + $.25.
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Dedication
To my granddaughter Sydni and my grandson Logan, who remind me how important it is to nurture our young nurses
and help them learn and grow. —SALLY A. WEISS
To students, colleagues, family, and friends, who have taught me so much about leadership.
—RUTH M. TAPPEN
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Preface
We are delighted to bring our readers this Sixth Edition of Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management. This new edition has been updated to reflect the dynamic health care environment, safety initiatives, and changes in nursing practice. As in our previous editions, the content, examples, and diagrams were designed with the goal of assisting the new graduate to make the transition to professional nursing practice.
The Sixth Edition of Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management focuses on the necessary knowledge and skills needed by the staff nurse as an integral member of the interprofessional health- care team and manager of patient care. Issues related to setting priorities, delegation, quality improve- ment, legal parameters of nursing practice, and ethical issues are updated for this edition.
This edition focuses on the current quality and safety issues and initiatives impacting the current health-care environment. We continue to bring you comprehensive, practical information on develop- ing a nursing career. Updated information on leading, managing, followership, and workplace issues continue to be included.
Essentials of Nursing Leadership and Management provides a strong foundation for the beginning nurse leader. We would like to thank the people at F. A. Davis for their assistance and our contribu- tors, reviewers, and students for their guidance and support.
—SALLY A. WEISS —RUTH M. TAPPEN
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Contributor PATRICIA BRADLEY, MED, PHD, RN Coordinator, Internationally Educated Nurses Program Faculty, Nursing Department York University Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Reviewers
WENDY GREENSPAN, MSN, RN, CCRN, CNE Assistant Professor Rockland Community College Suffem, New York
PAULA HOPPER, MSN, RN, CNE Professor of Nursing Jackson Community College Jackson, Mississippi
CLAIRE MEGGS, MSN, RN Associate Professor Lincoln Memorial University Harrogate, Tennessee
LUISE SPEAKMAN, PHD, RN Adjunct Faculty, Nursing Cape Cod Community College West Barnstable, Massachusetts
JENNIFER SUGG, RN, BSN, MSN, CCRN Nursing Instructor Wayne Community College Goldsboro, North Carolina
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Table of Contents
unit 1 Professional Considerations 1 chapter 1 Leadership and Followership 3 chapter 2 Manager 17 chapter 3 Nursing Practice and the Law 27 chapter 4 Questions of Values and Ethics 49
unit 2 Working Within an Organization 69 chapter 5 Organizations, Power, and Empowerment 71 chapter 6 Communicating With Others and Working
With the Interprofessional Team 87 chapter 7 Delegation and Prioritization of Client Care 103 chapter 8 Dealing With Problems and Conflict 121 chapter 9 People and the Process of Change 133
unit 3 Career Considerations 145 chapter 10 Issues of Quality and Safety 147 chapter 11 Promoting a Healthy Work Environment 173
unit 4 Professional Issues 203 chapter 12 Your Nursing Career 205 chapter 13 Evolution of Nursing as a Profession 225 chapter 14 Looking to the Future 235
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xii ■ Table of Contents
Appendices appendix 1 Codes of Ethics for Nurses 247
American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses Canadian Nurse Association Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses The International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics for Nurses
appendix 2 Standards Published by the American Nurses Association 249
appendix 3 Guidelines for the Registered Nurse in Giving, Accepting, or Rejecting a Work Assignment 251
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unit 1 Professional Considerations
chapter 1 Leadership and Followership
chapter 2 Manager
chapter 3 Nursing Practice and the Law
chapter 4 Questions of Values and Ethics
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chapter 1 Leadership and Followership
OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, the student should be able to: ■ Define the terms leadership and followership. ■ Discuss the importance of effective leadership and
followership for the new nurse. ■ Discuss the qualities and behaviors that contribute to
effective leadership. ■ Discuss the qualities and behaviors that contribute to
effective followership. OUTLINE Leadership Are You Ready to Be a Leader? Leadership Defined What Makes a Person a Leader? Leadership Theories
Trait Theories Behavioral Theories
Task Versus Relationship Motivation Theories Emotional Intelligence Situational Theories Transformational Leadership Moral Leadership Caring Leadership
Qualities of an Effective Leader Behaviors of an Effective Leader Followership Followership Defined Becoming a Better Follower Managing Up Conclusion
Nurses study leadership to learn how to work well with other people. We work with an extraordinary variety of people: technicians, aides, unit managers, housekeepers, patients, patients’ families, physi- cians, respiratory therapists, physical therapists, social workers, psychologists, and more. In this chapter, the most prominent leadership theories are introduced. Then, the characteristics and behaviors that can make you, a new nurse, an effective leader and follower are discussed.
Leadership
Are You Ready to Be a Leader? You may be thinking, “I’m just beginning my career in nursing. How can I be expected to be a leader now?” This is an important question. You will need time to refine your clinical skills and learn how to function in a new environment. But you can begin to assume some leadership functions right away within your new nursing roles. In fact, leadership should be seen as a dimension of nursing practice (Scott & Miles, 2013). Consider the following example:
Billie Thomas was a new staff nurse at Green Valley Nursing Care Center. After orientation, she was assigned to a rehabilitation unit with high ad- mission and discharge rates. Billie noticed that admissions and discharges were assigned rather hap- hazardly. Anyone who was “free” at the moment was directed to handle them. Sometimes, unlicensed as- sistant personnel were directed to admit or discharge residents. Billie believed that this was inappropriate because they are not prepared to do assessments and they had no preparation for discharge planning.
Billie had an idea how discharge planning could be improved but was not sure that she should bring it up because she was so new. “Maybe they’ve already thought of this,” she said to a former classmate. They began to talk about what they had learned in their leadership course before graduation. “I just keep hearing our instructor saying, ‘There’s only one manager, but anyone can be a leader.’ ”
“If you want to be a leader, you have to act on your idea. Why don’t you talk with your nurse manager?” her friend asked.
“Maybe I will,” Billie replied. Billie decided to speak with her nurse manager,
an experienced rehabilitation nurse who seemed not
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